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TDS stands for ‘Total Dissolved Solids.’ When we refer to TDS in water, it is essentially a quantifiable measure of chemicals in soil dissolved in water. In other words, TDS or Total Dissolved Solids is a term which is used to measure the total quantity of dissolved salts and matter present in the water. It is usually measured as ‘ppm’ or ‘parts per million.’ It can also be expressed in ‘milligrams per litre’ (mg/L). For practical purposes usually, the electrical conductivity of the water is measured and converted by using a multiplication factor to give an approximation of the TDS in water. You can get the TDS checked by a Moonbow Executive at your home. All you need to do is sign up for a free demo.

The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), the National Standards Body of India working under the aegis of Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution, Government of India fixes the upper limit of TDS – Total Dissolved Solids of non-toxic salts in water to 500 ppm (parts per million) or 500 milligrams per litre of water. This follows the permissible upper limit suggested by The World Health Organization or WHO of 500 ppm. Most of the public water supplied in India is safe with regards to TDS, but it is generally a good idea to check citing water overflowing from drains during rains and mixing with drinkable water.

Low TDS water can be defined as water containing TDS levels between 3 ppm to 100 ppm. While consumption of such water is not known to cause harm to health, but low TDS water is generally tasteless and devoid of essential minerals such as calcium and magnesium, and ideally such water should be filtered through a magnesium and calcium mineral bed to add the minerals to the water. Some Moonbow by Hindware purifiers have Mineral Fortification where purified water is reintroduced to a mineral bed to add healthy minerals into the water.

There is no guaranteed water purification system that can be claimed to be the best. The best water purification system depends upon the quality and source of water available for domestic use and also the TDS level contained in it. There are, however, three main technologies available in the market for domestic use.

Physical filters or micron filters are effective trap mechanisms against a variety of particles as well as parasites such as Giardia lamblia cysts and the parasitic protozoa Cryptosporidium. Ceramic water filters, popularly known as candle filters, help trap and filter out bacterial contaminants. Such filters have a pore size as small as 0.22 micron and are unfit to filter out viruses – most sized about 1/10th of a micron and are much harder to filter out. To compensate, such purification systems require a disinfection system to neutralize viruses. Most modern water purifiers also incorporate bio-filters and activated charcoal – a substance excellent at filtering out organic compounds, toxic substances, and chemical contaminants.

One effective method of neutralizing biological contaminants is by passing water through an ultraviolet disinfection system. The process involves sending water through a glass tube exposed to ultraviolet radiation in heavy measures. Such exposure to UV radiation sterilizes any living microorganism that may be present in the water, thus neutralizing bacteria and viruses. UV disinfection nevertheless cannot remove physical impurities such as dissolved particles and chemical contaminants. Owing to this limitation, UV disinfection units usually include a micron filter coupled with bio-filters and activated charcoal to provide complete water purification.

The reverse osmosis method of purification is a technology that forces water through a semi-permeable membrane under pressure to separate contaminants from water. Reverse osmosis works by using high pressure pumps to increase water pressure on the contaminated side, forcing clean water to the other side of the semi-permeable membrane, trapping nearly 99% contaminants in the process. RO purifiers are effectual in containing all types of microorganisms and multiple types of chemical contaminants.

The commonly found impurities in water are:

Suspended solids or insoluble particles such as fine sand, clay, rust, dust, etc remain suspended in the water and lead to what is commonly referred to as cloudiness in the water. A filter called the Ultrafine Sediment Filter has a pore size of 20 microns that can effectively get rid of all the suspended matter in cloudy water.

Presence of living organisms like algae, bacteria, protozoa, pathogens, microbes, Viruses, Parasites and their eggs (cysts), etc. also collectively known as microorganisms or ‘germs’ are a cause for Biological contamination of water. The presence of these minute living organisms in water is the primary cause of diseases like typhoid fever, dysentery, cholera, gastroenteritis, etc.

RO Membrane can filter out all such bacteria from water, unlike a UV treatment method that kill bacteria in the water but leaves their bodies in the drinking water. Moonbow by Hindware purifiers have an added Ultimate Ultrafine Technology that can remove remaining residue from the water after preliminary purification.

Tap water generally has greater quantities of fluoride than filtered water, a mineral that is essential for good oral health. Lack of fluoride in drinking water can be compensated with by using a toothpaste that contains fluoride. However, the complexity of the water supply system which includes lack of 24X7 water supply, leaky pipes, illegal tapping, contaminated intermediate storage tank, lead to a situation of frequent microbial contamination of water supplies. It is therefore suggested to install a water purification system in your home depending upon your water quality for safe domestic consumption and cooking purposes.

Carbon filtering is a purification method that utilizes a bed or block of activated carbon to remove contaminants and impurities via two processes called chemical adsorption and catalytic reduction. Each particle/granule of carbon provides a large surface area/pore structure, allowing contaminants the maximum possible exposure to the active sites within the filtering component.

Active charcoal carbon filters or Granular activated carbon (GAC) are the most effective methods of removing chlorine, sediment, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), taste and odour from water. Many of these substances can cause cancer, neurological problems, and other health risks if ingested in large quantities.

Gravity-based Water Purifiers do not need electricity to function but instead utilize a UF filter with activated carbon. These kinds of filters work perfectly well with Municipal supplied chemically treated water that is devoid of arsenic. But considering the erratic and complex water supply systems in India coupled with the extreme weather conditions water pipes endure in India, gravity-based water purification systems aren’t a safe bet. Nevertheless, using a gravity purifier is better than not using any purification system at all.

NSF International, founded as the National Sanitation Foundation, is a Public Health and Safety Organization that develops public health standards and certification programs that help protect the world’s food, water, consumer products and environment. The NSF certification goes through regular on-site inspections of manufacturing facilities and regular re-testing of products and not just a one-time event. This is done to ensure that filters continue to maintain the same quality standards required to maintain certification over time.

NSF certifies certain drinking water filters to the applicable standards for each type of treatment option. If you check, you will notice an NSF mark on certified water filter components along with numbers or codes such as NSF/ANSI 53 or NSF/ANSI 42, which refer to the standard to which the filter has been certified. Moonbow products utilize world-class quality filters certified by NSF International.

In Developing countries such as India, consumers get access to improved water sources through pipelines. The complexity of the water supply system, which includes lack of 24*7 water supply, leaky pipes & contaminated intermediate storage tank can lead to microbial contamination of water supplies. To take care of this situation, The Water Quality India Association has set a distinct microbial reduction standard which is applicable for the Indian residential water treatment market.

The seal of purity mark on a product ensures and verifies that the product has been quality tested and also has been certified by WQIA microbiological standard (WQIA protocol: IP 100) due to the reduction of the virus, bacteria, and cysts.

The WQIA is a symbol that signifies achievement, quality, and safety of drinking water.

Water purification is a method that separates rejected and dissolved impurities from natural water and makes it suitable for consumption. Boiling water and then filtering it using ceramic candle filters is the primary water purification method pursued in India. But candle filtration isn’t an effective method to get rid of all contaminants and ensure purity. Modern water purifiers designed for home use such as those from Moonbow use advanced water  purification technologies to make drinking water 100% safe and clean.